Lesson 69 ----- उपपद विभक्ति षष्ठीविभक्तिः Level 2. The sixth vibhakti. | Lesson Index

Lesson 69 उपपद विभक्ति षष्ठीविभक्तिः Level 2. The sixth vibhakti.

Here is a list of words for the sixth vibhakti, the Genitive case. Since verbs are not connected to this vibhakti, it is not a कारकविभक्तिः , And wherever verbs do come into the picture, grammarians tell us that we ought to consider those verbs and the sixth vibhakti as having a 'relation'. (Sounds confusing… but let's leave it at that.) However there are several words and ideas best expressed with the Genitive.

षष्ठीविभक्तिः

अव्ययम्

1. उपरि
2. अधः
3. कृते
4. पुरः,पुरतः ,अग्रे , अग्रतः
5. पृष्ठे,पृष्ठतः
6. वामतः
7. दक्षिणतः
8. दूरम्
9. समीपम्
10. अपेक्षया
11. अनन्तरम्
12. अन्ते
13. मध्ये

पद /
धातुः

    • Indicates a relationship...called the Genitive case.
    • Represents 'of'.
    • It denotes the one who possesses.
    • To denote the whole of which a part is taken (called the Partitive Genitive.)
    • The Partitive Genitive is also found used with ordinals and pronouns or adjectives implying number.
    • The Partitive Genitive is also used with superlatives.
    • Sometimes the word is used with the Genitive in the sense of 'of' or ' among.'

पद / धातुः

    • When a time frame elapses after the occurence of an action, the word expressing the occurence is put in the Genitive.
    • Words having the sense 'dear to' or the opposite.
    • When using the words विशेषः and अनन्तरम् signifying 'difference.'
    • In the case of potential passive participles, the agent of the action is put in either the Genitive or the instrumental.
    • Words meaning 'for what reason', 'for the sake of.'
    • हितम् , सुखम्,भद्रम् , कुशलम् ,अर्थः, मद्रम् ,आयुष्यम्
    • When the Past participles are used, if the present tense is intended, then the Genitive is used. If the past is intended, then the Instrumental alone is used.
    • When the past participles are used as abstract neuter nouns, only the Genitive is used.
    • Verbs implying ' to be master of', 'to rule','to pity', 'to take compassion upon', 'to remember (with regret),' to think of' govern the object of these actions in the Genitive.
    • Words having the sense of 'equal to', 'like' तुल्य , सदृश , सम, सङ्काश |
    • Words denoting ' worthy of', 'proper', 'befitting.'

अव्ययः
• उपरि Above
मम उपरि व्यजनम् अस्ति | There is a fan above me.

• अधः Under
वृक्षस्य अधः कोटरः अस्ति | There is a hole under (at the bottom of) the tree.

• कृते For
बालकस्य कृते माता भोजनं पचति | The mother cooks a meal for the child.

• पुरः, पुरतः,अग्रे, अग्रतः In front of
भवनस्य पुरतः तडागः अस्ति | There is a lake in front of the building.

• पृष्ठे,पृष्ठतः Behind
मन्दिरस्य पृष्ठतः अर्चकस्य गृहम् अस्ति | The priest's house is behind the temple.

• वामतः To the left
शिवस्य वामतः देवी अस्ति | The Devi is to the left of Shiva.

• दक्षिणत: To the right
देव्याः दक्षिणतः शिवः अस्ति | Shiva is to the right of the Devi.

• दूरम् Far
विद्यालयस्य/विद्यालयात् दूरं पर्वतः अस्ति | The mountain is far from the school.( दूरम् also goes with the fifth vibhakti.)

• समीपम् Near

विद्यालयस्य/विद्यालयात् समीपम् उद्यानम् अस्ति | The garden is close to the school. (समीपम् also goes with the fifth vibhakti.)

• अपेक्षया Instead of
सोमवासरस्य अपेक्षया अहं मङ्गलवासरे आगच्छामि | , I shall come on Tuesday instead of on Monday.

• अनन्तरम् After
सुखस्यानतरं दुखं दुखस्यानतरं सुखम् | Unhappiness arrives after happiness. Happiness arrives after unhappiness. (अनन्तरम् also goes with the fifth vibhakti.)

• अन्ते End
भाषणस्य अन्ते क्षणं विरमतु | Rest for a moment after (your) speech.

• मध्ये middle
नगरस्य मध्ये उद्यानम् अस्ति | There is a garden in the middle of the city.

पद / धातुः

• Indicates a relationship between two nouns in a sentence. It is called the Genitive case.

• Represents 'of ' .
शिवस्य पुत्रः गणेशः | Ganesha is the son of Shiva.

• It denotes the one who possesses.
मम गृहम् | My house.
नद्याः तटम् | The river's bank.

• To denote the whole of which a part is taken (called the Partitive Genitive.)
   जलस्य बिन्दुः | A drop of water.
   पुस्तकस्य पत्रम् | A page of a book.
   नगराणां शतसहस्राणि | Thousands of cities.

• The Partitive Genitive is also found used with ordinals and pronouns or adjectives implying number.
   त्वमेव तासां मङ्गला | You alone are the blessed one amongst them all.
   अन्योः अन्यतरा, One of these two (girls)
   तासाम् अन्यतमा, One of those (girls)

• The Partitive Genitive is also used with superlatives
छात्राणां मङ्गेशः श्रेष्ठः| Mangesh is the best amongst the students.

• Sometimes the word is used with the Genitive in the sense of   'of ' or 'among.'
   एतेषां मध्ये कोऽपि गन्तुं न इच्छति | Amongst them no one is willing to go.
• When a time frame elapses after the occurence of an action, the word expressing the occurence is put in the sixth vibhakti.
   अद्य दशमः मासः सीतायाः विवाहस्य | It is the tenth month today since Sita's marriage.
• Words having the sense 'dear to' or the reverse.
   उद्यानविहारं तस्य प्रियम् | Strolling in the garden is dear to him.
   सोमेशः तस्याः अप्रियः | She dislikes Somesha.
• When using the words विशेषः and अनन्तरम् signifying 'difference.'
   एतदेव अस्ति विशेषः आवयोः| This alone is the difference between the two of us.
• In the case of potential passive participles, the one who performs the action is put in either the Genitive or the instrumental.
लोकहितं मम करणीयम्| I ought to do that which is beneficial to the world/people.
मया पठितव्यम् , I ought to study.

• Words meaning 'for what reason','for the sake of'

कस्य हेतोः कोपः ? For what reason is this anger?

बालस्य हेतोः सा ग्रामात् नगरं गन्तुम् इच्छति She wishes to go from her village to the city for the sake of her child.

• Words are used in the Genitive or the Dative when a blessing is intended.

हितम्, सुखम्,भद्रम्, कुशलम्,अर्थः, मद्रम् ,आयुष्यम्|

• शिष्याय हितम्, सुखम्,भद्रम्, कुशलम्,अर्थः, मद्रम् ,आयुष्यं भवेत् , May good fortune be with the student.

• When the Past participles are used, if the present tense is intended, then the Genitive is used. If the past is intended, then the Instrumental alone is used.
अहमेव मतः महीपते, I alone am regarded by the king.
पण्डितानां पूजितः Is worshipped by the learned ones.
तेन ज्ञातम् | It was understood by him.
• When the past participles are used as abstract neuter nouns only the Genitive is used.
मयूरस्य नृत्तम्, The peacock's dance.
बालकस्य हसितम्, The child's laughter.
• Verbs implying 'to be master of', 'to rule','to pity', 'to take compassion upon', 'to remember (with regret),' to think of' govern the object of these actions in the Genitive.
यदि सः प्रभवितुं समर्थः विदेशजनानाम् | If he is capable of ruling/ being the master of the people from another land.
भक्तस्य दयमाना देवी अवतरति, The Goddess, taking pity upon the devotee, incarnates (before him).
शकुन्तला दुष्यन्तस्य स्मृत्वा खिन्ना जाता | Shakuntala remembering Dushyanta became unhappy.
(In sentences where regret is not to be conveyed, then the object of rememberance takes the Accusative.
सः शारदां स्मरति | He remembers Sharada.)
• Words (विशेषण Adjectives) having the sense of 'equal to', 'like'
तुल्य, सदृश, सम, सङ्काश |
शिवस्य तुल्यः कोSपि नास्ति | There is no one equal to Shiva.
• Words denoting 'worthy of', 'proper', 'befitting.'
सखे पुण्डरीक, नैतदनूरूपं भवतः | Friend Pundarika, this is not worthy of you.

And now we will work with the seventh vibhakti, the Locative case, in the next Lesson 70.

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Prev Lesson 68 ----- उपपद/ कारक विभक्तिः पञ्चमी- विभक्तिः Level 2. The fifth vibhakti. ( Level 2. The fifth vibhakti.) Next Lesson 70 ----- उपपद/कारक -विभक्तिः सप्तमीविभक्तिः Level 2. The seventh vibhakti. ( Level 2. The seventh vibhakti.)