Lesson 66 ----- उपपद / कारक विभक्तिः तृतीया विभक्तिः Level 2. The third vibhakti. | Lesson Index

Lesson 66. उपपद / कारक विभक्तिः तृतीया विभक्तिः

Level 2. The third vibhakti.

Let me give you the list first. Then we'll work on each word in turn just as we've done for the second vibhakti.

तृतीया विभक्तिः

अव्ययम्

        1. अलं (अलम् )
        2. कृतं (कृतम् )
        3. विना
        4. समं (समम् )
        5. सह
        6. सार्धं (सार्धम् )
        7. साकं (साकम् )

8. किं कार्यं ( किं कार्यम् ) / किम् अर्थं (किम् अर्थम्) / किं प्रयोजनम् |

पद / धातुः

      1. Agent.
      2. Manner of doing an action.
      3. Attribute characterizing a noun.
      4. The price at which a thing is bought.
      5. Conveyance.
      6. That on which a thing is carried or placed.
      7. Direction of route followed to go to a particular place.
      8. In whose name an oath is taken.
      9. Words denoting resemblance.
    10. Words expressing "likeliness" or equality."
    11. Words denoting space and time when the accomplishment of the desired object is expressed.
    12. Object or purpose.
    13. Defect of the body.
    14. Indicating the existence of a particular condition by which one is recognized.
    15. When a noun denotes the cause or motive of a thing or action.

अव्ययम्
• अलं enough of
अलं शयनेन ! Enough of sleeping!

• कृतं
कृतं अश्वेन | Away with the horse!

• विना
पठनेन विना विद्या कथं लभ्यते ? How can knowledge be received without studying?

• समं/सह /सार्धं
• तेन समं अहम् उद्यानम् अगच्छम्/तेन सह अहम् उद्यानम् अगच्छम्/तेन सार्धम् अहम् उद्यानम् अगच्छम् | , I went to the garden with him.

• किं कार्यं /अर्थं/प्रयोजनम्
शोकेन किं कार्यं /शोकेन किं अर्थं/ शोकेन किं प्रयोजनम् | What's the point in lamenting?

पद /धातुः

• Agent/ Instrument in a sentence
सः हस्तेन खादति | He eats with his hand.

• Manner of doing an action
सा मधुरेण वदति | She speaks sweetly.

• Attribute characterizing a noun
   प्रकृत्या साधुः /दर्शनीयः | By nature he is good.
   प्रकृत्या दर्शनीयः | By nature he is worthy of being seen.
   गोत्रेण अहं माठरः अस्मि | I am a Mathara by clan.

• The price at which a thing is bought
कियता मूल्येन क्रीतं पुस्तकम् ? At what price was this book bought?

• Conveyance
सः विमानेन गच्छति | He travels by airplane.

• That on which a thing is carried or placed
स्कन्धेन वहति, He carries…. upon his shoulder
सेवकः भर्तुराज्ञां मूर्ध्ना आदाय ..... , The servant, having accepted his master's command 'upon his head'…

    Direction of route followed to go to a particular place.
          वाम भागेन स अगच्छत् | He went to the left.
    In whose name an oath is taken
         जीवितेनैव शपामि ते   I swear to thee by my very life!!
    Words denoting resemblance
          स्वरेण   रामभद्रमनुहरति | resembles Rama in his voice.
    Words expressing "likeliness" or equality."
          धनदेन समस्त्यागे | equal to Kubera in generosity.
    Words denoting space and time when the accomplishment of the desired object is expressed.
          द्वादशवर्षैः व्याकरणं श्रूयते | grammar is learnt in twelve years.
    Object or purpose
          अध्ययनेन वसति | Lives (somewhere) for the sake of studying.
    Defect of the body
          नेत्रेण काणः | Blind in one eye.
    Indicating the existence of a particular condition by which one is recognized.
         जटाभिः तापसः | Recognized as an ascetic because of his hair.
    When a noun denotes the cause or motive for a thing or action
          तेन कारणेन सः न गच्छति | For that reason he does not go.
          गुरौ भक्त्या प्रीतास्मि ते | I am pleased with thee with thy devotion to thy preceptor.

We'll work on the fourth vibhakti next, in Lesson 67. That list is rather long, but we'll survive, not to worry.

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Prev Lesson 65 ----- उपपद /कारक विभक्तिः द्वितीया विभक्तिः Level 2. The second vibhakti. ( The second vibhakti.) Next Lesson 67 ----- उपपद /कारक विभक्तिः चतुर्थी विभक्तिः Level 2. The fourth vibhakti. (Level 2. The fourth vibhakti.)