Lesson 78. लृङ् लकार । Wishful thinking
 
The  लृङ् लकार  is a funny combination of the past and the future forms, just as its name suggests. Let's look at an example: अभविष्यत् ।  See how it begins with an अ,  has a future "bit" in the centre, ष्य/स्य and has a past tense ending त् /त ।
 
The लृङ् लकार is used when you wish to convey the following ideas:
 
1) to denote "if such and such a thing had happened / might happen then such and such a thing would have happened / will happen".  This therefore can be used to convey the past tense or the future. Many विद्वान् s prefer to use the विधिलिङ् for the future and use the लृङ् लकार only for the past.                 
For example: If she had taught well, I would have definitely passed the examination.
    सा सम्यक् रीत्या अपाठयिष्यत् चेत् अहं निश्चयेन परीक्षायाम्  उत्तीर्णा अभविष्यम् ।
 
2) When there is a non-realization of an action and therefore there is a presence of the characteristics of the conditional.
    For example: If I were not blind, then I would have been able to appreciate the beauty of the world.
    यदि अहम् अन्धं न अभविष्यं तर्हि पृथिव्यां सर्वेषां गुणानां सौन्दर्यम् अदृश्यम् ।

 

 
Naturally, you will need some reference material to see how the verbs are conjugated in all the three पुरुष s.  Plan on buying a शब्दधातुरूपावलि that gives you all the 10 लकार s , Just remember that the आत्मनेपद-धातु s will end in a full त  and not a त् ।
 
Read and understand:
लृङ् लकारे वाक्यानि |
1. यदि गोपालः सन्तरणकौशल्यम् अज्ञास्यत् तर्हि जलात् नाभेष्यत्  ।   
    If Gopal knew how to swim then he would not be afraid of the water.
2.  निशाश्चेत् तमस्विन्यो नाभविष्यन् को नाम चन्द्रमसो गुणं व्यज्ञास्यत् ।
     If the nights were not dark then who would know (appreciate) the Moon's qualities?
3.  यदि राजा दुष्टेषु दण्डं नाधारयिष्यत् तदावश्यं ते प्रजा उपापीडयिष्यन् ।
     If the king did not punish the wicked then they would surely trouble the subjects.
4.  यदि दक्षिण आफ्रिकास्थाः  गौराङ्गाः शासकाः आजन्मसिद्धानधिकारान् भारतीयेभ्योऽदास्यन् तदा द्वयोर्जात्योः   शोभनो मिथः सम्बन्धोऽभविष्यत्  ।
     If the South African white government officials would give the Indians their birthright then the mutual relationship between both the races would be  good.

 

 
 
 
               Here ends the lesson on लृङ् लकार । Wishful thinking Let us go to Lesson 79. अलङ्कार विचारः। Alankara-Vichara

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Prev Lesson 77 ----- लिट् लकार The "unseen" past tense. (The "unseen" past tense.) Next Lesson 79 ----- अलङ्कार विचारः। Alankara-Vichara (Alankara-Vichara)