Lesson 70 ----- उपपद/कारक -विभक्तिः सप्तमीविभक्तिः Level 2. The seventh vibhakti. | HTML Lessons

• The place in or on which an action takes place.
   वर्गे छात्राः पठन्ति  | The students study in class.
• The Locative is used to denote the time when an action has taken place
   प्रभाते तस्याः जपम् | Her japa is done in the morning.
• The Locative also has the sense of 'towards', 'about', 'as to'
   मयि मा तीक्ष्णा | Do not be severe towards me.
• With adjectives in the superlative degree
  बालकेषु रामः श्रेष्ठः |  Amongst the boys, Ram is the best.
• Words expressing an interval in time or space are put in either the Ablative or Locative.
  अस्मिन्  दिने भुक्त्वा सः  दिनत्रयात् खादिष्यति | Having eaten today, he will eat after three days.
 अस्मिन्  दिने भुक्त्वा सः  दिनत्रये खादिष्यति | Having eaten today, he will eat after three days.
  अत्र उपविश्य सः क्रोशात्  खगं पश्यति | Sitting here he sees the bird at a distance of one Krosha.
 अत्र उपविश्य सः क्रोशे खगं पश्यति | Sitting here he sees the bird at a distance of one Krosha.
• Words in lexicons are expressed in this vibhakti to mean 'in the sense of.'
  बाणो बलिसुते शरे (अमरकोशः ) Bana in the sense of 'the son of Bali' and 'arrow.'
• The Locative is sometimes used to denote the object or purpose for which anything is done.
  चर्मणि द्विपिनं हन्ति दन्तयोर्हन्ति कुञ्जरम्  | केशेषु चमरीं हन्ति  सीम्नि  पुष्कलको हतः | Man kills the tiger for skin, the elephant for tusks, the Chamari for hair and the musk deer for musk.

• Words meaning 'to act', ' to behave', ' to deal with'.
  कथं सः मयि व्यवहरति | Oh! How does he deal with me!
• Words signifying 'love', 'attachment', 'respect' are governed by  the Locative of the person or the thing for whom or for which love is shown.
  माता बालिकायां  स्निह्यति | The mother loves the girl.
• Words indicating a cause or an effect are often put in the Locative.
   वृष्टिः एव  समृद्ध्यां (samruddhyaam)   कारणम् |  Rain alone is the cause for prosperity.
• The root  यज् and its derivatives in the sense of  'to',  in English attract सप्तमी as follows:
  सः तम् आश्रमधर्मे नियुक्ते | He appoints him to the duties of the ashram.
• Words expressing fitness and suitability, with the nouns regarding which the fitness is expressed,  are put into the Locative or in Genitive.
  एतद्  कार्यं त्वयि युक्तम्  | This job is suitable for you.
• The recipient to whom anything is entrusted or imparted, is in the Locative. (तृ with वि  is also used with the Dative.)
  वितरति माता विद्यां बालकेषु | The mother imparts knowledge to the children.
• Words implying to ' seize' or to 'strike' govern the Locative of what is seized or struck.
  हस्ते गृहीत्वा seizing by the hand.
• Words like क्षिप्, मुच्,अस्   having the sense of 'throwing' or 'darting', govern the Locative of that, against which, anything is thrown.
  क्रौञ्चेषु पाषाणखण्डानि अक्षिपत् | Threw stones at the cranes.
• Words implying belief and confidence (except for श्रद्धा which governs the accusative) govern the Locative of that, of which the belief is placed in.
  देवे विश्वसिति कुत्र अभक्तः ? When does a non-devotee ever believe in God?

•  Words like अधीतिन्  " who has learned", गृहीतिन् "who has comprehended" govern the Locative of that which forms their object.
 अधीती वेदेषु | He who is well versed in the Vedas.
 गृहीती संस्कृतव्याकरणे | He who has mastered Sanskrit grammar.
When साधु  or असाधु are used, that towards whom goodness or otherwise is shown is governed by सप्तमी.
 गुरौ साधु | Well behaved towards his Guru.
 गुरौ असाधु | Ill behaved towards his Guru.
• When words like व्यापृत, आसक्त, व्यग्र, तत्पर   having the sense of 'engaged in', ' intent on' and words like  कुशल, निपुण, शौण्ड, पटु, प्रवीण,पण्डित meaning 'skilfull' and  words like धूर्त , कितव  meaning 'a rogue' are used, सप्तमी is used as follows: 
  सः पूजायां व्यापृतः, आसक्तः, व्यग्रः, तत्परः |   He is absorbed in the worship (of the Lord).
  सः धनुर्विद्यायां कुशलः, निपुणः, शौण्डः,पटुः, प्रवीणः, पण्डितः | He is skilfull in archery.
  व्यवसाये सः  धूर्तः, कितवः |  He is a rogue in matters relating to business.
• The words प्रसित  and उत्सुक  meaning 'greatly desirous of', 'longing for' govern the Locative or the Instrumental.
  भोजने (भोजनेन ) उत्सुकः | Longing for a meal.
भोजने विश्रामे प्रसितः च / भोजनेन विश्रामेण प्रसितः च  | Longing for a meal and rest.
• राध् + अप  in the sense of 'to  offend' governs the Locative  and the Genitive.
  कस्मिन्नपि पूजार्हे अपराधा शकुन्तला | Shakuntala has offended someone deserving respect.
  अपराद्धोऽस्मि तत्रभवतः कण्वस्य | I have offended Kanva.