Lesson 68. उपपद/ कारक विभक्तिः पञ्चमी- विभक्तिः Level 2. The fifth vibhakti.
Here is the list of words for the fifth.
| विशेषण | अन्य: , पर:, इतरः other than different from. |
| अव्ययः | 1. आ till, as far as, from. 2. आरात् near/ far. 3. ऊर्ध्वम् after 4. ऋते without 5. परं 6. प्रभृति 7. आरभ्य 8. प्राक् /पूर्वम् 9. actual directions. ग्रामात् पूर्वं east, उत्तरः north, दक्षिणा south, प्राक् east, प्रत्यग् , पश्चिमः west 10. बहिः 11. विना , पृथग् , नाना 12. दूरम् 13. समीपम् 14. अनन्तरम् |
| पद / धातुः |
1. अपादान |
| पद / धातु |
8. Verbs denoting ' to be born' are sometimes used in the Locative. |
| कर्मप्रवचनीयम् | प्रति in the sense of "representative" or "in exchange for" प्रद्युम्नः कृष्णात् प्रति , Pradyumna is Krishna's representative. तिलेभ्यः प्रतियच्छति माषान् | exchanges Urad dal for sesame seeds. |
• अन्य, पर, इतर other than, different from.
शिवादन्यो को मम आश्रयः ? Other than Shiva, who else is my refuge?
अव्ययम्
• आ till, as far as, from.
आ मूलात् श्रोतुम् इच्छामि | I wish to hear this from its source.
आकैलासात् as far away as Kailas.
• आरात् near/ far.
ग्रामात् आरात् तडागः अस्ति | The pond is near/far from the village.
• …ऊर्ध्वम् after...
मुहूर्तात् ऊर्ध्वं गमिष्यामः | We will go in a moment.
• ऋते without.
ज्ञानात् ऋते कुतः मोक्षः?
How is liberation possible without wisdom?
• परं / अनन्तरम् after
• भोजनात् परं / अनन्तरम् निद्रा आवश्यकी | Sleep is necessary after a meal.
• प्रभृति from
बाल्यात् प्रभृति सः साधुः | He has been a good person from childhood itself.
• आरभ्य from this moment/ beginning from
एतस्मात् क्षणात् आरभ्य अहं संस्कृतं वदामि | I will speak in Sanskrit from this moment onwards.
• प्राक् /पूर्वम् before
• भोजनात् प्राक् /पूर्वम् हस्तौ प्रक्षालय | Wash your hands before a meal.
• Actual directions. पूर्वं east, उत्तरः north, दक्षिणा south, प्राक् east, प्रत्यग् , पश्चिमः west
ग्रामात् पूर्वं मन्दिरम् अस्ति | There is a temple to the east of the village.
• बहिः outside
गृहात् बहिः वृक्षः अस्ति | There is a tree outside the house.
• विना, without पृथग्, separate, disinct नाना various
रामात् विना अहं पाठशालां न गच्छामि I do not go to school without Rama.
• दूरम् far
ग्रामात् दूरं मन्दिरम् अस्ति | There is a temple far from the village.
• समीपम् near
ग्रामात् समीपं मन्दिरम् अस्ति | There is a temple close to the village.
पद / धातुः
• अपादान
That from which separation takes place is governed by the पञ्चमी विभक्तिः fifth vibhakti
पर्णं वृक्षात् पतति | The leaf falls from the tree.
• a noun in the ablative case पञ्चमी विभक्तिः frequently denotes cause of an action or phenomenon and has the same sense of .. on account of, or for, or by reason of. ( So does the instrumental case, the trtiya vibhakti)
तस्मात् कारणात् सः न आगच्छति | Because of that/ For that reason, he does not come.
तेन कारणेन सा न आगच्छति | Because of that/ For that reason, she does not come.
• The place where an action is performed
ग्रामात् मां सः सूचयति | He keeps me informed when (staying) in his village itself.
• Comparison
कृष्णात् रामः चतुरः | Rama is more clever than Krishna.
• Words denoting abhorrence, cessation and swerving
धनिकेभ्यः जुगुप्सते | shrinks from the rich.
असत्यवचनात् विरमतु | desist from speaking a lie.
स्वाधिकारात् विचलति / प्रमत्तः swerves from his duty.
लोभात् निवृत्तिः | refraining from greed.
The teacher from whom something is learnt, the prime cause in the case of जन् to be born and the source in the case of भू are put in the ablative case.
उपाध्यायात् पठति | Learns from the teacher.
वर्षाभ्यः सस्यानि जायन्ते | Crops grow on account of the rains.
हिमालयात् गङ्गा प्रभवति | Ganga arises from the Himalayas.
• Verbs denoting 'to be born' are sometimes used in the Locative.
तस्याः हृदयात् करुणा अजायत | Compassion arose in her heart.
• In words implying fear and protection from danger that from which the fear proceeds is put in the ablative.
अहं मम पितुः क्रोधात् न भीता | I was not afraid of my father's anger.
तीक्ष्णवचनेभ्यः उद्विजते | is afraid of (shrinks from) severe words.
दुःशासनात् द्रौपदीं त्रातुं कृष्णः सभागृहं प्रविशति | To save Draupadi from Duhshasana, Krishna enters the assembly hall.
• That from which one is warded off.
कृषकः मृगान् क्षेत्रात् निवारयति | The farmer wards off the deer from the field.
• In the case of the root जी with परा, meaning unbearable, that which is intolerable is put in the ablative.
अलसात् पराजयते | finds laziness intolerable.
•The point of space or time from which distance in space or time is measured is placedPada dhaatu in panchami From the point to nileeyate etcLesson 68
in the ablative case. The word denoting the distance in space is either in the Nominative or Locative and the word denoting the distance in time is in the Locative.
गृहात् पाठशाला चत्वारि योजनानि | The school is four yojanas from the house.
गृहात् पाठशाला चतुर्षु योजनेषु वा | The school is four yojanas from the house.
श्रावणात् भाद्रपदः मासे | Bhadrapad is a month away from Shravan.
• निलीयते to indicate concealment.
The person from whom one wishes to conceal oneself is placed in the fifth vibhakti.
देवी भक्तात् निलीयते | The Goddess conceals Herself from the devotee.
कर्मप्रवचनीयम्
• प्रति in the sense of "representative" or "in exchange for"
कृष्णः पाण्डवेभ्यः प्रति | Krishna is the Pandavas' representative.
दुग्धाय प्रतियच्छति फलम् | exchanges fruit for milk.
And this takes us to the sixth Vibhakti, in the next lesson 69
***********************
Prev Lesson 67 ----- उपपद /कारक विभक्तिः चतुर्थी विभक्तिः Level 2. The fourth vibhakti. (Level 2. The fourth vibhakti.) Next Lesson 69 ----- उपपद विभक्ति षष्ठीविभक्तिः Level 2. The sixth vibhakti. (Level 2. The sixth vibhakti.)