Lesson 78. लृङ् लकार । Wishful thinking
The लृङ् लकार is a funny combination of the past and the future forms, just as its name suggests. Let's look at an example: अभविष्यत् । See how it begins with an अ, has a future "bit" in the centre, ष्य/स्य and has a past tense ending त् /त ।
The लृङ् लकार is used when you wish to convey the following ideas:
1) to denote "if such and such a thing had happened / might happen then such and such a thing would have happened / will happen". This therefore can be used to convey the past tense or the future. Many विद्वान् s prefer to use the विधिलिङ् for the future and use the लृङ् लकार only for the past.
For example: If she had taught well, I would have definitely passed the examination.
सा सम्यक् रीत्या अपाठयिष्यत् चेत् अहं निश्चयेन परीक्षायाम् उत्तीर्णा अभविष्यम् ।
सा सम्यक् रीत्या अपाठयिष्यत् चेत् अहं निश्चयेन परीक्षायाम् उत्तीर्णा अभविष्यम् ।
2) When there is a non-realization of an action and therefore there is a presence of the characteristics of the conditional.
For example: If I were not blind, then I would have been able to appreciate the beauty of the world.
यदि अहम् अन्धं न अभविष्यं तर्हि पृथिव्यां सर्वेषां गुणानां सौन्दर्यम् अदृश्यम् ।
For example: If I were not blind, then I would have been able to appreciate the beauty of the world.
यदि अहम् अन्धं न अभविष्यं तर्हि पृथिव्यां सर्वेषां गुणानां सौन्दर्यम् अदृश्यम् ।
Naturally, you will need some reference material to see how the verbs are conjugated in all the three पुरुष s. Plan on buying a शब्दधातुरूपावलि that gives you all the 10 लकार s , Just remember that the आत्मनेपद-धातु s will end in a full त and not a त् ।
Read and understand:
लृङ् लकारे वाक्यानि |
1. यदि गोपालः सन्तरणकौशल्यम् अज्ञास्यत् तर्हि जलात् नाभेष्यत् ।
If Gopal knew how to swim then he would not be afraid of the water.
2. निशाश्चेत् तमस्विन्यो नाभविष्यन् को नाम चन्द्रमसो गुणं व्यज्ञास्यत् ।
If the nights were not dark then who would know (appreciate) the Moon's qualities?
3. यदि राजा दुष्टेषु दण्डं नाधारयिष्यत् तदावश्यं ते प्रजा उपापीडयिष्यन् ।
If the king did not punish the wicked then they would surely trouble the subjects.
4. यदि दक्षिण आफ्रिकास्थाः गौराङ्गाः शासकाः आजन्मसिद्धानधिकारान् भारतीयेभ्योऽदास्यन् तदा द्वयोर्जात्योः शोभनो मिथः सम्बन्धोऽभविष्यत् ।
If the South African white government officials would give the Indians their birthright then the mutual relationship between both the races would be good.
1. यदि गोपालः सन्तरणकौशल्यम् अज्ञास्यत् तर्हि जलात् नाभेष्यत् ।
If Gopal knew how to swim then he would not be afraid of the water.
2. निशाश्चेत् तमस्विन्यो नाभविष्यन् को नाम चन्द्रमसो गुणं व्यज्ञास्यत् ।
If the nights were not dark then who would know (appreciate) the Moon's qualities?
3. यदि राजा दुष्टेषु दण्डं नाधारयिष्यत् तदावश्यं ते प्रजा उपापीडयिष्यन् ।
If the king did not punish the wicked then they would surely trouble the subjects.
4. यदि दक्षिण आफ्रिकास्थाः गौराङ्गाः शासकाः आजन्मसिद्धानधिकारान् भारतीयेभ्योऽदास्यन् तदा द्वयोर्जात्योः शोभनो मिथः सम्बन्धोऽभविष्यत् ।
If the South African white government officials would give the Indians their birthright then the mutual relationship between both the races would be good.
Here ends the lesson on लृङ् लकार । Wishful thinking Let us go to Lesson 79. अलङ्कार विचारः। Alankara-Vichara
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